I find it weird how people do not want to get noticed at there school but it seems like Addie doesnt care. She wasn't afraid to explain why she didnt stand for the pledge of alligence. You can tell when she says "She is not afraid of anything. Not even the names people call her." I think that Addie doesnt care what people think of her because she knows that if they were really her friends they would like for who she was.

sorry about the weird colour change The yellow woldnt go away so I made it purple but they didnt have the same shade

Science Project

Hello Everyone,

For your contest  I am going to do a report on  the solar system. First of all you should know that I traveled to Mars (and back) and saw some magnificent things in those six years in outer space. I am going to talk about some things that would matter a lot to earth.

I am going to talk about how a star/planet was created and the differences between them. I am going
to talk about a solar and lunar eclipse and the impact the moon has on the earth and how the phases of the moon work. I am also going to give you some information about mars because I stayed there for two days and saw some interesting things. I hope you enjoy!

HOW STARS AND PLANETS ARE CREATED AND THERE DIFFERENCES

Different people think different things, like the big bang. Some people think (a) god created  the big bang but scientists think that it was caused by random molecules flying.  They believe that two hit each other and it caused the  big bang flinging stuff every where. It also made chemicals that now make up our planets (solar system) and our star (sun). The sun is made up of gas and fire and it was the biggest so it had the biggest gravitational pull. The four planets  that got pulled closer were Mercury which is 58 000 000 km from the sun, it was the smallest and lightest of the four. Next is Venus which is 108 000 000 km away, then Earth which is 150 000 000 km, last of the four is Mars which is 225 000 000 km away from our star. These planets are also the smallest of all the planets so they have small gravitational pulls. Usually you would ask, aren't the lighter planets closer to the sun? Well, all the rock and minerals could only make four small planets with the exception of an asteroid belt separating the rock planets from the gas planets. The gas planets are farther away because they were made farther away so they are too far away to get pulled toward the sun.

This is the inside of earth and as you can see like all planets has a crust and then mantle (a type of rock/sand/dirt). It also has an outer core that protects the inner core which is lava.

   While the inside of Saturn for example (one of the gas planets) is made of lots of liquids and gasses like Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune. In between the four rock planets and the gas planets is an asteroid belt which was the stuff that was not made into a planet(s). Everybody asks, what is the difference between the moon and Earth (any other planets)? The main reason is that the moon has a lower iron content then the planets. There was once a theory that the moon broke from the earth a long time ago and since the moon is a 1/4 the size of the earth  it would have  1/4 the amount of iron.  That theory was dismissed later when they realized that it had a lower iron content. Another difference is that the moon reflects more light than the Earth. Since the moon is white it reflects light better that is why we wear light colours in the summer so we do not absorb the light and it reflects off of us. The sun only PRODUCES light and the moon reflects it. Even though  the moon has a ruff surface it can still reflect light. The moon is made of rocks and there are 3 different surfaces.  There is the crater part, the maria which is the middle of the crater and the rills which are cracks in the moon.

THE MOON
The moon is a very special part of the solar system especially for the earth. Everything in the solar system has it's own gravitational pull as does the moon. The moon has a couple of important things that impact the earth but the main one is tides. Do you ever wonder why we have tides? The reason is the moon.

 When the earth rotates the moon is always facing it. The reason why is  because the moon has a gravitational pull. When a body of water is facing the moon it is high tide because the moon is pulling the water up therefor also pulling water from the water beside it and when the earth keeps rotating (even though the moon rotates, (just slower) the moon can't hold it up and lets go, and the next body of water is high tide.

Another way the moon impacts the earth is because a long time ago when the planets were being made scientists thought that the moon hit the earth. They believed this because they thought something hit the earth because the Earth is on a 23.5 degree CW  tilt and that is why we have seasons. That is why the north pole is still cold but it has sun all day in summer. Let's say the earth is facing the sun and the sun is hitting directly at Toronto it would be summer! In winter we still have sun because we can see it but it isn't pointing directly at us. The only time it is dark would be when we are sleeping. Now I am going to talk about the different moon phases.

 

There is a new moon every 28 days. It goes from a new moon to a full moon in 14 days. First it is the quarter moon, then the half moon, then the full moon, then the reverse. The sun is to the right of the picture, The sun's light reflects off the earth and on to the moon.  This is why when the moon is on the other side of the earth you can't see it. First there is a new moon on the first day of the 28 day cycle then around the 7th day there is a quarter moon. On the tenth-eleventh day it is a half moon, and when 14 days have passed we have a full moon! On the 17-18th day it is a half moon again and on the 21st day it is a quarter moon again and on the 28th (or 0 day) it is a new moon again! And that is how the phases of the moon work!

           

Now I am going to talk about solar and lunar eclipses, They do not really impact the earth in anyway or harm the earth but it is a very unique thing that happens in the solar system. A solar eclipse is when the moon goes in between the planet and the sun and you can only see the ring of the sun. A solar eclipse happens in all different places you would have to wait 375 years for it to be in the same place twice. The moon is 400 million km away from the sun and the moon is one 400 of the sun and one spot on the earth will be dark as the moon goes over the sun.

                                                       This is a video of a solar eclipse.



solar eclipse

A lunar eclipse is when the planet is infront of the sun and the moon is behind the planet so the sun's light bends and the moon is getting the least light and it turns the weakest colour of light which is red. So the moon is red instead of yellow/white. Did you know that this lunar eclipse was on the winter solstice! It is the first time in 400 years!

                                                             This is a video of a lunar eclipse

 

The moon is behind the planet and the light is bending and giving the weakest light.

SOME OTHER FEATURES OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND SOME INFORMATION ABOUT MARS

Some other features of the solar system are comets. Comets are made of dirty ice and dirt. They usually have two main tails. The tails can be 100 miles long, they also travel around the sun. A comet is too small to see from the earth unless it is close to the sun and the tail always points away from the sun. Scientists think that there can be more than 100 000 comets flying around the sun at the SAME TIME the sun is very big!!!!!

Bright comets usually have two main tails, one of them is gas and the other is dust.

Another thing in our solar system is a meteor and a meteorite.

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Meteors and Meteorites

Chondrite Meteorite

Iron Meteorite

Achondrite Meteorite

Chondrite Meteorite was discovered at Allan Hills, Antarctica. It is thought to have been formed at the same time as the planets in a solar nebula about 4.55 billion years ago.

Iron meteorite was discovered at Derrick Peak, Antarctica. It is made of mostly nickel and iron. Scientists believe that this meteorite came from the core of an asteroid.

Achondrite meteorite was discovered at Recking Peak, Antarctica. Scientists believe that this was formed when an asteroid melted 4.5 billion years ago.

A meteor can be many things. It can be debris from a asteroid, from a moon or even can be chunks of Mars.

Meteors are captured by the Earth's gravity and pulled into its atmosphere.

A meteorite is a meteor just burning up or coming through our atmosphere.

Meteors are often called shooting stars.

Before a particle from a meteor hits the Earth it is known as a meteoroid.

If it is a small speck of dust and doesn't leave a fiery trail it is known as a micro meteorite.

If it is large enough it is considered a meteor and if it is large enough to make it through the Earth's atmosphere and strikes the land it is called a meteorite.

When comets pass the sun they leave debris behind, called meteors. These meteors spread into a wide band and when the Earth passes through one of these clouds, it is called a meteor shower.

Another one of the features in our system is the Asteroid

Asteroid Gaspra	Asteroid Ida

Asteroids are pieces of rock or rock and metal.

Scientists believe that asteroids were made from the pieces of our Solar System that were left over from when the Solar System was formed.

The first sight of an asteroid was in 1801 by an astronomer named Piazzi who saw an asteroid in space through his telescope. Piazzi thought that it was a planet and named it Ceres.

Asteroid means "like star".

Asteroid Gaspra was fist sighted in 1991 by the space probe Galileo.

Another asteroid photo that was taken by the space probe Galileo was Ida. Ida's photo was taken in 1993.

Ceres is the largest asteroid.

The asteroid belt is between Mars and Jupiter.

The asteroid belt is made up of 4,000 irregular rocks.

Scientists think that asteroids are debris of an earlier planet that blew up for some reason

and scientists are also discovering new asteroids as the space probes go deeper into space.

Each asteroid is given a catalog number and some are named for astronomers by the International Astronomical Union.

As you know I went to Mars. I decided to stay there for a few days to explore and this is some stuff I found out.

Physical Features of Mars:

• Mars is made of rock and metal
• Mars has ice caps
• Mars has huge volcano's
• Mars has whirl winds made of rock and sand
• Mars has three types of cloud's -blue clouds that are made of ice crystals, red ones made of rock and white ones made of water vapor
• Mars has a volcano called Olympus Mons it is three times bigger then mount Everest but us SO wide you wouldn't notice the slope!
• volcano's can't erupt because there is no action on Mars.

The Orbital/Rotation features

Mars is the fourth planet from the sun. It takes 24 hours and 38 minutes to rotate and it takes 687 days to spin around the sun.

Interesting facts.

Mars has two moons called Phobos and Deimos that means fear and panic in Roman. Mars was named after the Roman god of war because they thought mars looked like blood. In 5 million years Phobos is going to crash into mars.

 

Olympas Mons is so big it could cover the state of Missouri.

Sometimes Mars has dust storms that cover the whole planet.

Thank you for listening to my report. I hope that I have given enough information to tell you how magnificent our solar system is. My favourite part of our solar system is Earth because that is where we live, the only planet for us to live on. Have fun exploring the Solar system!

                                                        

 



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